القواميس (Dictionaries)

>>> me = {'name': 'Marketa', 'city': 'Prague', 'numbers': [20, 8]}

>>> me['name']
'Marketa'

>>> me['age']
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in &lt;module&gt;
KeyError: 'age'

>>> me['numbers'] = [20, 8, 42]
>>> me
{'name': 'Marketa', 'city': 'Prague', 'numbers': [20, 8, 42]}

>>> me['language'] = 'Python'
>>> me
{'name': 'Marketa', 'city': 'Prague', 'numbers': [20, 8, 42], 'language': 'Python'}

>>> del me['numbers']
>>> me
{'name': 'Marketa', 'city': 'Prague', 'language': 'Python'}

>>> record.get('name') # key exits and value is returned
'Peggy'
>>> record.get('age') # key does not exist and None is returned instead
>>> record.get('age', 'n/a') # key does not exist and 'n/a' is returned instead
'n/a'

>>> record.pop('name') # 'name' is removed from dictionary
'Peggy'

>>> record.pop('name')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
KeyError: 'name'

>>> record.pop('name', None)  # None is returned

>>> record.pop('name', 'n/a') # 'n/a' is returned

>>> record
{'city': 'Prague', 'name': 'Lucy'}

>>> record.update({'name': 'Peggy', 'hobby': 'Python programming'})
'Lucy'

>>> record
{'city': 'Prague', 'name': 'Peggy', 'hobby': 'Python programming'}

phones = {
    'Tyna': '153 85283',
    'Lubo': '237 26505',
    'Andreea': '385 11223',
    'Fabian': '491 88047',
    'Vitoria': '491 88047',
    'Oliwia': '491 88047',
}

colours = {
    'pear': 'green',
    'apple': 'red',
    'melon': 'green',
    'plum': 'purple',
    'radish': 'red',
    'cabbage': 'green',
    'carrot': 'orange',
}

>>> func_descript = {'len': 'length', 'str': 'string', 'dict': 'dictionary'}
>>> for key in func_descript:
...     print(key)
str
dict
len

>>> for value in func_descript.values():
...     print(value)
string
dictionary
length

>>> for key, value in func_descript.items():
...     print('{}: {}'.format(key, value))
str: string
dict: dictionary
len: length

>>> for key, value in func_descript.items():
...     func_descript[key.upper()] = value.upper()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during iteration

>>> for key in func_descript:
...     del func_descript[key]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during iteration

>>> for key, value in list(func_descript.items()):
...     func_descript[key.upper()] = value.upper()
>>> func_descript
{'len': 'length', 'str': 'string', 'dict': 'dictionary', 'LEN': 'LENGTH', 'STR': 'STRING', 'DICT': 'DICTIONARY'}

>>> for key in list(func_descript):
...     del func_descript[key]
>>> func_descript
{}

keys_to_delete = ['Lubo', 'Tyna', 'Oliwia']

>>> {}  # empty dictionary
{}

>>> dict()  # empty dictionary
{}

colours = {
    'pear': 'green',
    'apple': 'red',
    'melon': 'green',
    'plum': 'purple',
    'radish': 'red',
    'cabbage': 'green',
    'carrot': 'orange',
}

new_colours = {
    **colours,          # ** unpacks dictionary into key-value pairs
    'celery': 'green',
    'squash': 'yellow',
    'plum': 'purple',
}

colour_riped = dict(colours)
for key in colour_riped:
    colour_riped[key] = 'blackish-brownish-' + colour_riped[key]
print(colours['apple'])
print(colour_riped['apple'])

>>> data = [(1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (3, 'three')]
>>> dict(data)
{1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'}

>>> data = [[1, 'one'], [2, 'two'], [3, 'three']]
>>> dict(data)
{1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'}

>>> def test(*args, **kwargs):
...     print("args:", args)
...     print("kwargs:", kwargs)

>>> test(1, 2, 3, a="Hi Bob!", b=True)
args: (1, 2, 3)
kwargs: {'a': 'Hi Bob!', 'b': True}

>>> def my_sum(*args):
...     result = 0
...     for x in args:
...         result += x
...     return result

>>> print(my_sum(1, 2, 3))
6

users = {
  'aeinstein': {
    'first': 'albert',
    'last': 'einstein',
    'location': 'princeton',
    'email': 'albgenious1@princeton.org',
  },
  'mcurie': {
    'first': 'marie',
    'last': 'curie',
    'location': 'paris',
  },
}

cities = {
  'paris': {
    'country': 'France',
    'population': 2161,
  },
  'london': {
    'country': 'Great Britain',
    'population': 8960,
  },
  'princeton': {
    'country': 'United States of America',
    'population': 28,
  }
}